Efficacy of exercises to rehabilitate dysphagia: a critique of the literature. A meta-analysis to determine the dose response for strength development. Applications of the dose-response for muscular strength development: a review of meta-analytic efficacy and reliability for designing training prescription. Dose-response of 1, 3, and 5 sets of resistance exercise on strength, local muscular endurance, and hypertrophy. A dose–response relation between aerobic exercise and visceral fat reduction: systematic review of clinical trials. Systematic review of progressive resistance strength training in older adults. Strength-training exercise in dysphagia rehabilitation: principles, procedures, and directions for future research. Further research is required to determine optimal dose ranges for the wide variety of exercise-based dysphagia interventions.īurkhead LM, Sapienza CM, Rosenbek JC. We recommend inclusion of at least the frequency, duration, repetition, and intensity components of exercise dose to improve reproducibility, interpretation, and comparison across studies. In articles reporting intensity ( n = 59), descriptions included values for force, movement duration, or descriptive verbal cues, such as “as hard as possible.” Outcome measures were highly varied across and within specific exercise types. In articles reporting repetitions ( n = 66), the range was 1 to 120 reps/day. Duration recommendations ranged from 4 weeks to 1 year. Frequency recommendations varied greatly by exercise type. Study interventions included tongue exercise ( n = 16), Shaker/head lift ( n = 13), respiratory muscle strength training ( n = 6), combination exercise programs ( n = 20), mandibular movement exercises ( n = 7), lip muscle training ( n = 5), and other programs that did not fit into the categories described above ( n = 5). Of the eligible 1906 peer-reviewed articles, 72 met inclusionary criteria by reporting, at minimum, both the frequency and duration of their exercise-based treatments. We searched PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases from inception to July 2019, with search terms relating to dysphagia and exercises to treat swallowing impairments. A larger goal of this work was to promote detailed consideration of dosing parameters in dysphagia exercise treatments in intervention planning and outcome reporting. To address this gap in knowledge, we performed a scoping review to provide a record of doses reported in the literature. Optimal exercise doses for exercise-based approaches to dysphagia treatment are unclear.
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